Introduction

A PET scan, or Positron Emission Tomography scan, is a powerful imaging technique used in modern medicine to visualise metabolic activity within the body. The PET Scan procedure involves the use of a radioactive tracer, which is typically injected into the patient’s vein. The tracer emits positrons, which are tiny particles that collide with electrons in the body, producing gamma rays. These gamma rays are detected by a ring of detectors surrounding the patient, and sophisticated computer algorithms then generate detailed images of the distribution of the tracer in the body.

How Does it Work?

PET scans work by utilising a radioactive tracer, which is typically a small amount of a radioactive substance that is attached to a biologically active molecule, such as glucose or amino acids. The most commonly used tracer in PET imaging is a form of glucose called fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).

The patient is typically injected with the radioactive tracer, which then travels through the bloodstream and accumulates in the tissues or organs of interest. The tracer emits positrons, which are positively charged particles that quickly collide with nearby electrons, resulting in the release of gamma rays.

The gamma rays are detected by a ring of detectors surrounding the patient, which are sensitive to gamma radiation. The detectors measure the timing and location of the gamma rays emitted from the tracer, and this information is used by sophisticated computer algorithms to generate three-dimensional images of the distribution of the tracer in the body.

The images produced by the PET scanner provide information about the metabolic activity of tissues and organs. Areas with higher metabolic activity, such as tumours or regions of the brain with high neural activity, will show increased uptake of the radioactive tracer, which appears as “hot spots” on the PET scan images. Areas with lower metabolic activity will show decreased tracer uptake, appearing as “cold spots.”

The images are typically displayed in false colour or grayscale, with different colours or intensities representing the levels of tracer uptake in different regions of the body. These images can provide valuable insights into the functional status of tissues and organs, helping in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of various diseases.

It’s important to note that PET scans expose the patient to a small amount of radiation from the radioactive tracer, but the levels are generally considered safe and the benefits of the information obtained from the scan often outweigh the PET scan side effects and risks. PET scans are typically performed in specialised imaging centres or hospitals by trained healthcare professionals, and careful patient preparation, including fasting and other precautions, is taken to ensure accurate and safe results.

Pet Scan Cost In Bangalore?

Various centres have different price plans for PET scans in Bangalore. Generally, a PET Scan in Bangalore costs Rs. 25000 to Rs. 35000. But Kiran Nuclear Medicine & PET-CT Center provides a pocket-friendly budget that is convenient for everyone. So let’s have a look at it: 

PET CT INVESTIGATIONS

Investigation	Price
FDG PET CT	24,000
PSMA PET CT	29,000
DOTA PET CT	29,000
FAPI PET CT	29,000
Bone PET CT	12,000
Cardiac Viability	14,000
F- DOPA PET CT	32,000

GAMMA CAMERA INVESTIGATIONS

Investigation	Price	Investigation	Price
DTPA SCAN	6,000	LIVER HIDA SCAN	8,000
EC SCAN	6,000	MECKEL’S SCAN	6,500
DMSA III SCAN	6,000	GE REFLUX SCAN (GER)	5,500
DRCG SCAN	5,500	GASTRIC EMPTYING SCAN	5,500
MDP BONE SCAN	7,000	GI BLEED SCAN	5,500
MPI- (stress +rest)	10,000	BRAIN SPECT (ECD)	12,500
MPI (Adenosine stress)	12,000	LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY	10,000
MPI (Dobutamine)	11,000	TESTICULAR SCAN	5,500
THYROID SCAN	3,500	SALIVARY SCINTIGRAPHY	5,500
PARATHYROID SCAN	10,000	LACRIMAL SCINTIGRAPHY	5,500
MUGA SCAN	8,000	WB I-131 SCAN	12000
LIVER SPLEEN SCAN	5,500	LUNG PERFUSION SCAN	8500

Why Does PET Scan Cost More?

PET scans typically cost more compared to some other imaging tests due to several reasons:

• Use of Radioactive Tracer: PET scans require the use of a radioactive tracer, which adds to the cost of the procedure. The production and handling of radioactive tracers involve specialised equipment and trained personnel, which can contribute to the higher cost.

• Latest Technology: PET scanners are complex and sophisticated imaging equipment that uses detectors and computer algorithms to generate detailed images of metabolic activity in the body. The cost of acquiring, maintaining, and upgrading this advanced technology adds to the overall PET scan cost.

• Specialised Expertise: PET scan procedures require specialised expertise in handling and interpreting the results. Trained nuclear medicine physicians or radiologists are typically involved in the interpretation of PET scan images, which can add to the cost of the procedure.

• Regulatory Requirements: The use of radioactive tracers in PET scans is regulated by various safety and regulatory agencies, which require strict compliance with safety protocols and quality control measures. These regulatory requirements can add to the cost of PET scans.

• Limited Availability: PET scanners are not as widely available as other imaging modalities, which can impact their cost. The cost for PET scans may also vary depending on the location and availability of imaging centres with PET scanning facilities.

It’s important to note that the PET scan price may vary depending on factors such as the type of PET scan (e.g., whole-body PET scan, PET scan for the brain, cardiac PET scan, PET scan for cancer), the imaging centre or hospital, and the geographical location.

What are the Do’s & Don’ts of Full Body PET Scans?

• Let the doctor know about your recent radiation therapy and history
• Keep the doctor informed about any allergies towards any medications, iodine or other compounds that can be used as contrast materials
• Keep the doctor informed about expected pregnancy, pregnancy or breastfeeding conditions. 
• Dress with warm and insulating clothing materials. This is done to keep a check on a specific kind of fat that develops when the body is not kept warm. The activation of this fat hinders the efficiency of the scan.

• Consumption of food or beverages other than water before 8 hours of the PET scan
• Metal wears like jewellery, watches, belts and any other accessories or clothing with metal
• Rigorous exercise like gymming, jogging, Zumba etc before 24 hours of the PET scan

PET Scan For Cancer

PET scan for cancer involves the use of a radioactive tracer that is injected into the patient’s bloodstream. The tracer accumulates in areas with high metabolic activity, such as cancer cells, and emits positrons, which are detected by a PET scanner. The scanner creates detailed 3D images that show the distribution and intensity of the tracer in the body, allowing doctors to identify potentially cancerous areas.

PET scan procedures are commonly used for cancer staging, to determine the extent and spread of cancer, and for monitoring treatment response. They can also help differentiate between benign and malignant tumours, guide biopsy procedures, and detect cancer recurrence. PET scans are non-invasive and provide valuable information about the metabolic activity of cancer cells, which can aid in diagnosis and treatment planning. Overall, a PET scan for cancer is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of cancer, allowing for early detection and more targeted treatment approaches

PET Scan for Brain

PET Scan procedure for Brain uses a radioactive tracer that is injected into the patient’s bloodstream, and the tracer accumulates in areas of the brain with high metabolic activity. PET scans can provide detailed 3D images of the brain’s functional activity, such as glucose metabolism or neurotransmitter uptake, which can help diagnose various brain conditions, including brain tumours, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurological disorders. PET scans of the brain can provide valuable information for treatment planning and monitoring disease progression, allowing for more precise and targeted patient care.

Can PET scans be used to detect other diseases?

Yes, PET scans can be employed to detect and assess a wide range of diseases. PET scan procedures utilise a radioactive tracer to visualise the metabolic activity and functional status of various organs and tissues in the body. This makes them valuable in diagnosing and managing different medical conditions.

• PET scans can be utilised in cardiovascular diseases, such as identifying areas of reduced blood flow in the heart, evaluating cardiac viability after a heart attack, or assessing the severity of atherosclerosis.
• In inflammatory and infectious diseases, PET scans can detect sites of inflammation or infection, aid in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis, or identify abscesses in the body. 
• In neurological disorders, PET scans can provide information about brain function and help in diagnosing conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy.
• PET scans can be used in evaluating lung diseases, liver diseases, and bone disorders, among others.

However, it’s important to note that PET scans are typically used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and clinical assessments to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the disease. The versatility of PET scans makes them a valuable tool in the detection and management of a wide array of diseases, enabling clinicians to tailor treatment plans for patients effectively.

What are the side effects and risks involved with the PET scan procedure?

The side effects and risks involved with PET scans are minimal when compared to the benefits they offer. However, it is ideal for one to be completely informed and aware of the possible risks involved with PET scans

• Radiation exposure: PET scans use radioactive tracers, which carry a slight risk of long-term increased cancer risk.
• Allergic reactions: Rare cases of allergic reactions to the radioactive tracer used in PET scans can occur, causing symptoms such as itching, rash, hives, or difficulty breathing.
• Interaction with medications: Certain medications may interfere with the accuracy of PET scan results. It’s important to inform the healthcare provider of all medications, including over-the-counter and herbal supplements, being taken before the PET scan procedure to ensure accurate results.

Discomfort or pain at an injection site: The radioactive tracer used in PET scans is typically injected into a vein. Some patients may experience discomfort or pain at the injection site, although this is usually mild and temporary.

How can we differentiate between CT and PET scans?

Feature	CT Scan	PET Scan
Imaging Technique	Uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.	Uses radioactive tracers to detect metabolic activity in cells.
Information Provided	Provides detailed anatomical images of organs, bones, and tissues.	Provides functional information on how tissues and organs function at the molecular level.
Uses	Useful for identifying structural abnormalities, such as tumours, fractures, and infections.	Useful for detecting metabolic activity and determining the presence and location of tumours, staging cancer, and evaluating treatment response.
Contrast Agents	May involve the use of contrast agents to enhance image quality.	May involve the use of radioactive tracers (radiopharmaceuticals) that are injected, swallowed, or inhaled to highlight areas of increased metabolic activity.
Radiation Exposure	Involves exposure to ionising radiation.	Involves exposure to ionising radiation from the radioactive tracers.
Typical Scan Time	Usually takes a few minutes to complete.	Usually takes about 30-60 minutes to complete.
Combined Scans	May be combined with a PET scan (PET/CT) for improved accuracy in certain cases.	Can be combined with a CT scan (PET/CT) for more precise anatomical localisation of metabolic activity.
Chief Limitations	May not be as sensitive in detecting early functional changes in cells.	May have limitations in terms of false positive or false negative results.
Cost	Typically less expensive compared to PET scans.	Typically, PET scan price is more expensive compared to CT scans.

Picking the Best Quality PET scan centres in Bangalore

Selecting the best PET scan in Bangalore involves careful consideration of several factors to ensure accurate and reliable results. Here are some pointers on how to pick the best PET scan centre in Bangalore:

Technology and Equipment:

Check the type of PET scan equipment used at the centre. Modern, state-of-the-art equipment can provide higher-resolution images and better diagnostic accuracy. Also, consider if the centre offers other imaging modalities, such as CT or MRI, which may be needed for combined PET/CT or PET/MRI scans.

• Patient Comfort and Safety: Consider the comfort and safety measures provided at the PET scan centre, such as patient-friendly facilities, adequate patient preparation instructions, and adherence to radiation safety protocols.

• Timeliness and Accessibility: Evaluate the availability and scheduling of appointments at the PET scan centre, as well as the location and accessibility of the facility for your convenience.

• Reputation and Accreditation: Look for a PET scan centre with a good reputation and accreditation from recognised organisations, such as the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) and the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). This ensures that the centre follows strict quality and safety standards.

• Expertise and Experience: Choose a PET scan centre with experienced and skilled radiologists, technologists, and support staff who are trained in performing and interpreting PET scans. The expertise of the team can significantly impact the accuracy and reliability of the results.

• Cost and Insurance: Consider the cost of the PET scan and whether the centre accepts your insurance coverage, as well as any additional charges for contrast agents or other services.

Referral and Recommendations: Seek referrals or recommendations from trusted healthcare providers or friends/family who have undergone PET scans in Bangalore.

Conclusion

In summary, the PET scan procedure is a valuable imaging tool that provides unique and real-time insights into the metabolic activity of the body. From PET scans for Brain, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular activity to PET scans for Cancer, they have revolutionised the field of medical imaging, allowing physicians to visualise and better understand the functional aspects of diseases, and make informed decisions about patient care.
Choosing the best PET scan centre in Bangalore involves considering factors such as reputation, accreditation, expertise, technology, patient comfort and safety, timeliness and accessibility, PET scan cost and insurance, as well as referrals and recommendations. It’s important to do thorough research and consult with your healthcare provider to make an informed decision for the most accurate and reliable PET scan results. Kiran Nuclear Medicine & PET-CT is one such diagnostic centre in Bangalore known for its futuristic expertise and new-age technological facilities.